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To ensure that your data collection tools work well for the people you're collecting data from, it's critical to first understand the people you'll be working with before designing the tools, and then to monitor data collection to see if any unexpected issues arise.

To ensure that your data collection tools work well for the people you're collecting data from, it's critical to first understand the people you'll be working with before designing the tools, and then to monitor data collection to see if any unexpected issues arise.

To ensure that your data collection tools work well for the people you're collecting data from, it's critical to first understand the people you'll be working with before designing the tools, and then to monitor data collection to see if any unexpected issues arise.

Basic tools like surveys, observation, and interviews can be used to gather data. There are many different ways to analyze this data. A defined tool or methodology is used in more complex approaches to incorporate various data selection, collection, and analysis processes.

I agree on the importance of understanding your users. people come from various backgrounds, various economic statuses, different level of income and many more other factors. keeping this in mind will help you prepare on which methods to employ to different categories of people

So it is very important to note such situation by giving them some practical questions or some activities or giving out questions that they can answer.

1. Understanding the participants is very important while developing tools.
2. Observation is required
3. Monitoring

Understanding the users is imminent in terms of their socioeconomic and regional background, languages used, cultural norms followed etc.

understanding the user will help in gaining useful insights,
contextualize data collection tools and saving on resources as understanding user would inform data collection tool choice and design

understanding the user will help in gaining useful insights,
contextualize data collection tools and saving on resources as understanding user would inform data collection tool choice and design

There are a number of steps that can be undertaken to appropriately design and analyse an studies:
Firstly, there needs to be a deep understanding of the cultural (including language) environment in which you are working - e.g. if there is a status hierarchy, like in a tribal setting, the lower status members will be reluctant to speak up in a group environment.
Secondly, you need to understand what each user would like the information for - for example, the donor will want reporting on successes and failures, and reasons.
It is necessary to speak directly to each stakeholder and find out their needs and wants.
Thirdly, it is useful to do a pilot to test the tools
Finally, get thorough feedback from the data collectors and be prepared to change the approach if necessary - for example, for an illiterate rural population, use pictures and activities to assess progress

i would say, have more insights of who you are dealing with, be aware to responses so that are do not judge.
learn their language for better understanding and communication.

Understanding my users required to deeply understand firstly my participant. Two elements need to be study while trying to understand them. Those elements are (i) Understand (the group of people you will be working with before designing the tools) and (ii) observing the participants.

As we have done with this, we should monitor data collection to see whether unexpected issues arise.

These are key areas to note when collecting data. This is an eye-opener to see the various methods of the data collection process and how to select the best method of data collection based on a complete understanding of people, culture, and socio-demographics of your participants and also continuous observation of any difference in the normal trend of data collected

About understanding my users or stakeholders.
Since these are the people directly interested in using the data collected to make certain decisions, it is important to find out their expectations.

For example the kind of questions they intend to answer using this data, how they intend to use the data and also, it’s important to manage their expectations. If their expectations are not workable, they one needs to explain to them before the project starts.

Also, knowing their expectations helps in the choice of data collection method to use

good and new

DATA COLLECTION
To understand your stakeholders is very important when your are collecting data, because stakeholders can have unrealistic expectations about M&E.
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
There are 7 methods of collecting data:

1. Surveys
2. Focus Groups
   3.Interviews
   4.Observation
   5.Document Review
   6.Laboratory Measurements
   7.Community workshop or meeting.

if you want to collect data from your project target groups , you have to follow these steps

1. prepare your project questions.
2. upload your mobile tools system
3. validate your questions and make pilot tests .
4. recruited data collection team/ enumerators
5. train the tool and how to collects and data collections ethics
6. every enumerator's must test one questionnaire.
7. go to the field and conduct participants

• Use reliable data resources

• Align key factors and parameters

• Maintain the neutrality

• Use automated and computerized programs

My name is ANDREW BRIMA KAMARA

It is important that data be made simple for users more especially for those that we think they can not able to read and write or able to speak English.

it is important to observe and verify data collection processes for this has a bearing on the quality and accuracy of the data that is collected. at the organization where I am working, we always review our data collection tools and processes towards the end of financial year to review the issues (challenges and successes) that were encountered during the course of the year. this helps the to polish up the tools and process while ensuring that they are still capturing the core data they are intended to collet.

An interesting module

Couldn't have said it better

Understanding the participants greatly influences the tools you will need and if they are any extra expenses you will incur.

You can anticipate and avoid many problems by learning about the group of people from whom you will be gathering data.
Even if you very carefully study your target audience, there will most likely be issues that you do not anticipate
This is why it is essential to continually observe and verify the accuracy of your data collection process. What issues are arising? Are there missing data or discouraging patterns

This is a very important part where understanding who we are working with and what we are involving them at.

to solve problems like this it is important to understand the culture of the society to reduce any problem the respondents my feel.

Understanding your users in a project goes a long way in helping you make the best of decisions in a project.

Understanding your users entail very minute understanding and observing. Especially if the main source of data has a variety of characteristics. Data should adjust and adapt to the current demographic of the users.

How can we understand better our users?

To understand my participants
I should understand their language, education background, cultural background, their information about technology

To understand my participants
I should understand their language, education background, cultural background, their information about technology

Data collection tools developed in one cultural context cannot always be imported into a different context. They may require extensive revisions.

During working hours at office I would like to prefer take turns to talk during any important conversations for sure . Make the conversation flow more freely by taking it in turns to speak. Make a point and then listen to the other person respond. Particularly when people are speaking English as their second language it’s better to talk to them in short exchanges rather than delivering a long monologue that might be difficult for them to follow.

1. What language(s) do these people speak?
   =the people i want to collect date all of them they speak English language
   so they can understand the information or date mean.
   2)What is the average level of language proficiency?
   = the participnte are 45 people 25 of them they have master degree,10 they have bachloer and anothers have high school,
   3)What is the literacy rate for this population?
   its excelent becouse those people are educater people.

2. Which languages can people read? Write?
   they can speak and write english languange

to use mobile phone is very good becouse to dya all people use phone and they know how to use

Understanding your user is to anticipate on what you will do that will please them in order to avoid many problems that may arises like language differences , illiteracy rate.

Understanding your users well is the first step in creating an effective user experience. You want to learn more about who they are and their motives, mindset, and behavior.

This implies that the data collection developed in one cultural context cannot always be imported into a different context. They may require extensive revisions. This helps to ensure that your data collection tools work well for the group of people you are collecting data from, which is therefore important to understand the group of people you will be working with before designing the tools.
You can anticipate and avoid many problems by learning about the group of people from whom you will be gathering data.
Some of the questions worth investigating before you design a data collection tool include;
What language do these people speak?
What is the average level of language proficiency?
What is the literacy rate for this population?
Which language can people read, write?
What is the culturally preferred method of communication?, among others. Therefore, what you learn about this group will inform your data collection tool choice and design.

Its most importance things to understand the users because it can allow you to collection the verify data
I

understanding the source of your data is very important. one should ensure to study their set of behavior and norms before proceeding to collect data. studying their literacy level is very important in that, a process like questionnaires and interviews will need. however studying alone is not enough, one should observe their culture, and behaviors in different circumstances and gain their trust to collect accurate data.

During data collection Era its advisable to understand your users.
Understanding your user required you to know their skill,standard,and their knowledge on data collection.
It again give you an option to learn and monitor their commitments to job provided.

to do best way

When you understand your participants, chances are high that hitches which are experienced during data collection will be minimal and the correct data will be reached.

Understanding their background and culture is a must in data collection. Different people have different styles, so it's essential to learn and adjust the way of working (data collection) to them in an appropriate way.

I need to adapt my tools to get more nuanced, qualitative data rather than the mostly quantitative and broad qualitative data I gathered through a survey that included multiple choice (closed) questions

In this topic knowing users for the data collection is key point and it allows the data collector to identify and develop method and tools of the data collection and agree on the suitable method of the data collection amongst all six data collection tools.

good over view. specially knowing your participants literacy is good to collect adequate data.

A friendly talk will help to collect the data. Nowadays whether literate or illiterate uses mobile phone. hence would be easy to communicate with them via some examples

From whom are you collecting data? Are you surveying a group of high-income professionals in Toronto? A semi-nomadic group of pastoralists in Chad? An economically and racially diverse group of adolescent girls in Pakistan?

Even if you were interested in gathering the exact same type of data from each of these groups of people, your approach to data collection would need to be different. The cultural, educational and demographic characteristics of people matter in data collection. Data collection tools developed in one cultural context cannot always be imported into a different context. They may require extensive revisions.

To ensure that your data collection tools work well for the group of people you are collecting data from, it is important to both:

Understand the group of people you will be working with before designing the tools.
Monitor data collection to see whether unexpected issues arise.

From whom are you collecting data? Are you surveying a group of high-income professionals in Toronto? A semi-nomadic group of pastoralists in Chad? An economically and racially diverse group of adolescent girls in Pakistan?

Even if you were interested in gathering the exact same type of data from each of these groups of people, your approach to data collection would need to be different. The cultural, educational and demographic characteristics of people matter in data collection. Data collection tools developed in one cultural context cannot always be imported into a different context. They may require extensive revisions.

To ensure that your data collection tools work well for the group of people you are collecting data from, it is important to both:

Understand the group of people you will be working with before designing the tools.
Monitor data collection to see whether unexpected issues arise.

For better collection of Data, one need to assess, understand both the objectivity,accuracy, the time and seasons and the cost without forgetting the ability or the techno- know how of Data and it's collector
Basing on the agency, objectivity,labour, Capital and the participants or stakeholders will determine the results quality and quantity

By proper applications of the principles, the competence principle aids so much as the correct tool and methodology will be used to acquire the desired objectivity

The combination of methods of Data collection tend to be more of check and balances or scrutiny of the Data to prevent any compromise of Data

By understanding the issues results to qualitative and quantitative data

You can anticipate and avoid many problems by learning about the group of people from whom you will be gathering data. Here are a few questions worth investigating before you design a data collection tool:

What language(s) do these people speak?
What is the average level of language proficiency?
What is the literacy rate for this population?
Which languages can people read? Write?
What is the culturally preferred method of communication? For example, would people from this group generally be comfortable talking to a stranger in public, or would a private phone conversation be preferred? Would it be appropriate for a person of one gender to interview a person of another gender?
What proportion of people from this population have access to technologies such as…
Basic mobile phones?
Feature phones? Smartphones?
Computers?
Email?
SMS?
How skilled are people in this population using these technologies?
Some of this information—such as languages spoken and literacy level—can be found in public data sets, such as census records. For other information, consider spending some time speaking with members of the target population, local experts, and program staff.

What you learn about this group will inform your data collection tool choice and design. For example, if you are working with individuals with low levels of literacy, distributing written surveys will not be a good option. If you are working with a group of people who generally are not comfortable speaking with strangers alone in public, you may need to arrange for chaperones, parents, or other people to be present.

To give valid informed consent to participate in clinical research, potential participants should understand the risks, potential benefits, procedures, and alternatives. Potential participants also should understand that they are being invited to participate in research. Yet it is unclear what potential participants need to understand to satisfy this particular requirement. As a result, it is unclear what additional information investigators should disclose about the research; and it is also unclear when failures of understanding in this respect undermine the validity of potential participants' informed consent. An analysis of individuals' interests suggests that potential participants need to understand three additional facts to understand that they are being invited to participate in research: 1) research contribution: those who enroll in the study will be contributing to a project designed to gather generalizable knowledge to benefit others in the future; 2) research relationship: the investigators will rely on participants' efforts to gather the generalizable knowledge to benefit others; and 3) research impact: the extent to which participating in the study will alter what participants do and what happens to them.

this is key and essential before deciding on the method for data collection, and also in determining the accuracy of your data.

it is from understanding our users that we can be able to design forms adapted to the population

Understanding the audience is very important since the data collection and administering of the tools will be determined by how the respondents have given in to support data collection and through monitoring you will be able to answer their concerns which will enhance the process and at least they will fill involved

Data well collected using correct methodology, analysis it with expertise mind considering the sampling techniques, tools an d technologies available

The simplicity of Data collection methods will depend on the community or participant involved
All methods have advantages and disadvantages.
Other Data May require more than 2 methods for quality results

Understanding the participants is one of the most basic steps in data collection as this might make or break the integrity of the data you aim to collect.

People and societies are always different in terms of educational, cultural and demographic background. However, in data collection process, it is important for M&E official to be informed about the characteristics of group of people he/she will be working with before designing the tools in order to make show that such tools work accordingly for the target group of their project.

It is essential to continuously observe and verify the accuracy of your data collection process in order to pick up on emerging issues due to factors like language, culture and gender norms et al

Understanding the catchments cultures, languages, literacy levels will help or ease data collection planning. Therefore, allowing the M and E team plan well on tools to be used and how to navigate through challenges while collecting data

Indeed monitoring is a never ending learning process. It's important to give your tools room for correction. It is also very important to pilot your tools so that you can have an idea of what kind of challenges are common.

In the scenario where many people are giving wrong names or details. One of the best methods should be fill in the form with locally language. Using emojis or symbols to facilitate the conversations in order to get accurate feedback.

In the scenario where many people are giving wrong names or details. One of the best methods should be to fill in the form in the local language. Using emojis or symbols to facilitate the conversations in order to get accurate feedback.

Understanding the data users is very important to develop the best data collection method.
This reminds me of what one organization brought to my attention before. This organization was hired as a M & E consultant to conduct monitoring & evaluation on the completed project. Once project is completed successfully I was interested in having the same organization conduct another evaluation in a different country. Their answer to me was that they may have to develop another strategy or may have to work with local partners. This shows the need for adjusting data collection methods for different countries cultures.

The quality of informed consent in clinical research is determined by the extent to which participants understand the process of informed consent.

Continuously monitoring and validating the accuracy of data collection processes is of paramount importance to ensure the dependability and authenticity of the gathered data. Luckily, our team possesses a valuable advantage: they were specifically selected for their familiarity with the communities we serve, as they hail from the same geographic area as the beneficiaries we are working closely with.

Indeed, one of the primary sources of issues in data collection stems from the involvement of individuals who lack adequate knowledge or understanding of the people they are attempting to gather data from. This lack of familiarity often leads to challenges and inaccuracies in the data collection process. To address this, it is crucial to prioritize the inclusion of team members who possess a deep understanding of the target population, their culture, and their unique circumstances. By leveraging the insights and expertise of such individuals, we can significantly mitigate potential issues and enhance the overall quality and relevance of the collected data.

esearchers of nomadic or transitory populations have had to abandon questions about “address” or “place of residence.”
Researchers in the Carribean planned on collecting names and dates of birth to identify individuals. However, they found that many individuals did not know their exact date of birth and, due to low literacy levels, did not always spell their names the same way. So, they decided to add a question to help identify individuals: what is the name of your mother?
Social pressure or politeness can lead different groups of people to report incorrect data to common questions.

Before the you start an M&E process you need to understand the stakeholders (funders, partners and beneficiaries)of the project. What question they would like to answer and what are their demands. This must be followed by mapping which is dependant on what the data is for to all of the stakeholders. With this in mind and after understanding the area and the stakeholders needs and preferences then you can choose the right data collection method that best suits project. There must be room for review/change of data collection strategies due to emergent issue we may have not know from the start.

Understanding your stakeholders is very important but knowing your participants is very key to the success of your project and satisfying the stakeholders.

Data Users can be accurate at all times. The issues arising is that people don't understand the questions, and they are misinterpreting the questions. We can design questioners that can be easily understood.

To understand my participants
I should understand their language, education background, cultural background, their information about technology. Change data input to be understandable by all data users.

Here's another excellent insight that we should consider as we perform M&E activities. Not only understand about the program itself, it's such a nice guidance in how we should also understand our source of data. Yes, we are working with people, so we must consider to treat as human.

Bonjour, comment allez-vous, s'il vous plaît, je voudrais savoir comment procéder si jamais on est confronté à un problème de manque d'information par rapport à la saisie des données ?

Personally, I have worked with a donor, who wishes to collect a lot of data on rural, and illiterate farmers. At first, I realized the possible ethical concerns that might result in collecting erroneous data. The attendance required the farmers to enter their land size in plots. Whereas, the farmers in question mostly lacked numeral literacy. Secondly, the term "plot of land" means different things in different places where the project were to be implemented. For some places, it just means a portion of land, which could be measuring 100squre meter, less or more. In some other places, it has a specific unit, but for the donor, a plot is supposed to mean 450SQRM.

And also because it was not provided in the budget to visit each of the farmers to measure their farm lands and determine the size individually, project staffs were to accept whatever figure the farmers fed them with.

Beside this, they were also other data required in the attendance sheet which I considered irrelevant since I knew it would be hard to determine how correct they were, and I also judged that using them for decision making would also land in error.

I recommended the need for the M&E team of the donor to redesign the attendance sheets and to make the data collection during training less difficult and more accurate. It however, fell on deaf ears. Anyway, I made it a recommendation till the project ended.

I have also suggested during an academic conference that questionnaires used to collect data should be translated to the dialect of the intended respondents or research participants in addition to training the enumerators. It reduces the challenges of interpretation and communication of information as a result of translation.

It is indeed essential to continually observe and verify the accuracy of your data collection process. By this, we are able to know issues arising as well as notice missing data or discouraging patterns. However, to prevent scenarios of missing as well as arising issues, below are some steps I can take:

Pilot Testing: Conduct a pilot test of the revised data collection tool with a small sample from your target population. This will help you identify any remaining issues and gather feedback to further refine the tool before full-scale implementation.

List item Review the Questions: Evaluate the questions in your data collection tool and determine if any of them may be causing confusion or leading to incomplete or inaccurate responses. Simplify complex questions, ensure clarity, and eliminate ambiguous wording.

Modify Question Format: Consider altering the question format to address specific issues. For example, if there are challenges with self-reporting due to social pressure or politeness, you could use indirect questioning techniques or anonymous response methods to encourage more honest and accurate answers.

Alternative Data Collection Methods: If the current method is not yielding the desired results, explore alternative data collection methods. This could involve conducting face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, or using visual aids and multimedia to enhance understanding and engagement. Adapt the method to suit the preferences and capabilities of the target population.

Simplify Language and Instructions: If language proficiency or literacy levels are affecting data collection, simplify the language used in the tool and provide clear, concise instructions. Use plain language and avoid technical jargon or complex terms that may be difficult for participants to understand.

Provide Training and Support: If technology is involved in the data collection process, ensure that participants are adequately trained and supported in using the tools. Provide instructions, tutorials, or assistance to help them navigate any technological challenges they may face.

Engage Local Intermediaries: If cultural norms or discomfort with strangers are hindering data collection, consider involving local intermediaries who are trusted within the community. These intermediaries can help facilitate communication, build rapport, and ensure more accurate and reliable responses.

Monitor Data Quality: Continuously monitor and assess the quality of the collected data throughout the process. Regularly review the data for consistency, completeness, and potential biases. If you identify issues, take corrective measures promptly.

By incorporating these steps and making necessary adjustments, I can improve the data collection tool and enhance the accuracy and reliability of the data collected, while iterating and refining the tool based on feedback and observations to ensure continuous improvement.

It is indeed essential to continually observe and verify the accuracy of your data collection process. By this, we are able to know issues arising as well as notice missing data or discouraging patterns. However, to prevent scenarios of missing as well as arising issues, below are some steps I can take:

Pilot Testing: Conduct a pilot test of the revised data collection tool with a small sample from your target population. This will help you identify any remaining issues and gather feedback to further refine the tool before full-scale implementation.

List item Review the Questions: Evaluate the questions in your data collection tool and determine if any of them may be causing confusion or leading to incomplete or inaccurate responses. Simplify complex questions, ensure clarity, and eliminate ambiguous wording.

Modify Question Format: Consider altering the question format to address specific issues. For example, if there are challenges with self-reporting due to social pressure or politeness, you could use indirect questioning techniques or anonymous response methods to encourage more honest and accurate answers.

Alternative Data Collection Methods: If the current method is not yielding the desired results, explore alternative data collection methods. This could involve conducting face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions, or using visual aids and multimedia to enhance understanding and engagement. Adapt the method to suit the preferences and capabilities of the target population.

Simplify Language and Instructions: If language proficiency or literacy levels are affecting data collection, simplify the language used in the tool and provide clear, concise instructions. Use plain language and avoid technical jargon or complex terms that may be difficult for participants to understand.

Provide Training and Support: If technology is involved in the data collection process, ensure that participants are adequately trained and supported in using the tools. Provide instructions, tutorials, or assistance to help them navigate any technological challenges they may face.

Engage Local Intermediaries: If cultural norms or discomfort with strangers are hindering data collection, consider involving local intermediaries who are trusted within the community. These intermediaries can help facilitate communication, build rapport, and ensure more accurate and reliable responses.

Monitor Data Quality: Continuously monitor and assess the quality of the collected data throughout the process. Regularly review the data for consistency, completeness, and potential biases. If you identify issues, take corrective measures promptly.

By incorporating these steps and making necessary adjustments, I can improve the data collection tool and enhance the accuracy and reliability of the data collected, while iterating and refining the tool based on feedback and observations to ensure continuous improvement.

when we collect the data it is important that we know about the language and understand them their needs and mapping, observing all this is necessary for survey

when we go for collection its important that we know there laguage if that data not correct in paper collect with another tool mobil data collection is the one of the best tool

Understanding the community is very important

It is indeed essential to continuously observe and verify the accuracy of your data collection process to ensure the reliability of the information you use. Here are some common problems that can arise during data collection:

Missing data: Sometimes, certain data can be missing, which can compromise the integrity of your analyses. This could be due to technical errors, issues during data entry, or gaps in the data collection process itself.

Input errors: Input errors are a frequent source of problems in collected data. Typos, formatting errors, or incorrect values can occur during manual data entry. These errors can distort the results of your analyses and lead to erroneous conclusions.

Selection bias: If the data collection process is not representative of the population or sample you wish to study, it can lead to selection bias. For example, if you only collect data from a specific geographical region, you may obtain results that are not generalizable to the entire population.

Discouraging patterns: It is possible to identify discouraging patterns in your data, such as outliers, inconsistencies, or results that do not align with expectations. These patterns may indicate errors in the data collection process or issues with the tools used.

To avoid these problems, here are some measures you can take:

Implement quality controls: Establish mechanisms for quality control to verify the accuracy of collected data. This can involve cross-checking the data, comparing it with reliable sources, or using statistical techniques to detect outliers.

Automate data collection: Whenever possible, utilize automation tools to reduce human errors in data collection. This could involve using online forms, data collection software, or data collection robots.

Diversify data sources: Strive to obtain data from different sources to avoid selection bias. If you collect data from samples, ensure that they are representative of the target population.

Train personnel responsible for data collection: Ensure that individuals in charge of data collection are properly trained and aware of potential issues related to data accuracy. They should be able to recognize and report errors or discouraging patterns.

So far as question of data collection it is technical and cultural based skills. First of all, researchers must know participants / population in terms of language ability, language skills and norms and values prevalent in their society. Then, researcher can adopt or develop tool according to their literacy and education.

,Mine is mostly a question so that we should gather some ideas on how to go about with it. Some times you find it hard to communicate to those who are physically challenged, for instance the deaf, those that are unable to see and speak, suppose you would like to interact and collect data with such respondents, how would you go about it in the absence of braile tools?

the understanding of stakeholders is essential for the formulation of monitoring and evaluation tools

Observation involves the use of Smell, Eyes for seeing, Hand for touching, Ears for hearing and tongue for testing.

I love how the hierarchy goes first understand your participants (language, culture, education level, technology usage) they you observe to know the type of questions you should avoid and the ones you can use

Understanding your participant is so important both for quantitative and qualitative data collection okay can they comprehend can they express themselves well

Very informative

it is important to be aware of the practical considerations and best practices for addressing logistical challenges organizations often face at this stage of the process. Implementing a data collection plan requires attention to matters such as:
Getting buy-in from senior leadership and key stakeholders, in or outside of the organization. This group could include boards of directors, management committees, union representatives, employees, community groups, tenants, customers and service users.
Establishing a steering committee or selecting a person(s) to be consulted and held accountable for all major decisions about the data collection process, such as design, logistics, communication management, coordination and finances.

It is really eye opening how cultural, demographic and other elements can affect data collection and bias in the resulting analysis.

1. The first important note taken is one of familiarising with the all stake holders, knowing who they are and their expectations, how to manage these expectations.
2. Carefully planning the questions that need to be asked, predict how the cultural, demographic and other elements may affect the answers, and how this would impact the data quality.
3. Decide on the most appropriate data collection method, tools and additional resources given the the conditions and subjects of study you are facing.
   In summary, an M&E project requires carefull investigation of the stakeholders and the environment before execution.

It is important to understand the users because they are the one the data will be taken from. The data collection tools should be developed in one cultural context,
understanding the group of people working with before designing the tools, what language they speak?, what is their literacy rate ? which language they read? Or write? culturally preferred method of communication.

The proportion of people have access to technologies and skilled they are using these technologies, so what kind it i.e., mobile phones, smart phones, computer ,email. sms, etc.

In low literacy level arears the surveys forms should not given to fill in by the participants. Always have knowledge which data collection methods will be applied according their cultural backgrounds, education level and accessibility.

Always make an effort to fully understand the literacy, languages spoken and the demographic information of your users/participants.

Even if you very carefully study your target audience, there will most likely be issues that you do not anticipate. Here are a few examples:

Researchers of nomadic or transitory populations have had to abandon questions about “address” or “place of residence.”
Researchers in the Carribean planned on collecting names and dates of birth to identify individuals. However, they found that many individuals did not know their exact date of birth and, due to low literacy levels, did not always spell their names the same way. So, they decided to add a question to help identify individuals: what is the name of your mother?
Social pressure or politeness can lead different groups of people to report incorrect data to common questions.